51. When comparing the primary cities of Isfahan in the Safavid Empire and Istanbul in the Ottoman Empire, both a. seldom allowed women to be seen in public.
b. had ports encouraging shipping trade on the Indian Ocean.
c. had many wheeled vehicles to transport goods within their city walls.
d. had frontiers that allowed for a more cosmopolitan atmosphere.

What important discovery was made by edmond halley and alexis clairaut, using newton's ideas of mathematics and gravity? they created the scientific method to outline how science should be conducted. they were able to find the orbit of a comet and predict the year of its return. they discovered the three newest planets--uranus, neptune, and pluto. they explained why objects appear to have color.