Why were neither the Mongols or Alexander the Great were ever able to conquer India?

Alexander stopped his Indian campaign at the Ganges because his soldiers mutinied and refused to go any further. There are many reasons given for this. For one, they were very far from home and had been on campaign for a very long time. Secondly, the Ganges was quite wide and deep and there was a large Indian army waiting for them on the other side. As for the mongols, at the height of the mongol empire the mongols did occupy Kahmir and the Punjab. However, they were unable to defeat the Delhi Sultanate so they couldn't push further into the subcontinent. You could argue, however, that the Mongols did eventually conquer India, as Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire was a descendant of Genghis Khan

Explanation:

c) the invasion of the shang

"a government in which power is divided between state and national levels". federalism is a system of government in which entities such and state and province, share power with the national government.