Read the paragraph. John C. Calhoun of South Carolina had a long-term impact on US history. He served as vice president under two different presidents: John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. Much later in his career he served as secretary of state under President John Tyler. Calhoun is best known, however, for advocating the doctrine of nullification, which put states’ rights over national power. Congress had passed a high tariff, or tax, on imported goods. Calhoun believed the tariff hurt the South, which had few factories and imported many items. He maintained that a state could nullify, or ignore, national laws. In time, this helped bring about the Civil War.

Which key detail supports the central idea of nullification?
A tariff is a tax on imported goods.
John C. Calhoun was secretary of state.
Congress passed a high tariff on imported goods.
John C. Calhoun thought the tariff hurt the South.