How did Buddha teach people to reach Nirvana (or enlightenment)? by praising the gods Shiva and Vishnu. by going through a stage of suffering. by following the Eightfold Path. by believing in the Nine Noble Truths.

number 1 is a)

if you're talking about (ww2) they went bankrupt and their currency was worth nothing

explanation:

what does this excerpt reinforce about bismarck political views?

bismarck believed in using force.

b. shared language, culture, and ethnicity