How did the First Battle of Bull Run affect how the North viewed the Civil War?

The Union victory helped the North realize it would be a short war.
The Union victory helped the North realize it would be a long war.
The Union loss made the North realize it would be an easy victory.
The Union loss made the North realize it would not be an easy victory.

Read article 231 of the treaty of versailles. the allied governments affirm, and germany accepts, the responsibility of germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the allied governments and their peoples have been subjected as a consequence of the war. what was the consequence of germany having to accept this article? a.) germany would have to pay war reparations. b.) germany would have to accept new colonies. c.) germany would have to give part of its territory to poland. d.) germany would have to join the league of nations.

Business and industries in the 1920's most closely followed the buying demands of a) the government b)farmers c)consumers d)manufactures

What was gained through the gadsden purchase