Some historians have argued that an upsurge in democracy shaped American politics in the first
half of the nineteenth century. Support, modify,
or refute this contention using specific
evidence.

porter is writing economic history because he is focusing on the cost of developing vaccines.

answer: karl marx, max weber, and emile durkheim (the fourth could be considered georg simmel)

explanation:

necessary and proper clause. the congress shall have power to all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states, or in any department or officer thereof.

to protest slavery i would think it would be a