The Bible was translated into many new languages. The Protestant Reformation spread throughout Europe. The number of literate and educated people increased. The practice of medicine became more standardized. The list describes the effects of which event? A. Christopher Columbus sailed to the Bahamas in 1492. B. Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1439. C. Nicholas Copernicus claimed that the Earth orbits the Sun in 1514. D. Joan of Arc joined the Siege of Orleans in 1429.

B. Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1439.

Explanation:

The invention of the printing press allowed for texts, such as the Bible, to be translated and spread to the general public in vernacular. Because people had access to books in their language, it increased the number of literate and educated people in society.

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separation of powers, therefore, refers to the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another.   the intent is to prevent the concentration of power and provide for checks and balances.  

the traditional characterizations of the powers of the branches of american government are:

* the legislative branch is responsible for enacting the laws of the state and appropriating the money necessary to operate the government.

* the executive branch is responsible for implementing and administering the public policy enacted and funded by the legislative branch.

* the judicial branch is responsible for interpreting the constitution and laws and applying their interpretations to controversies brought before it.

forty state constitutions specify that government be divided into three branches:   legislative, executive and judicial.   california illustrates this approach; "the powers of state government are legislative, executive, and judicial.   persons charged with the exercise of one power may not exercise either of the others except as permitted by this constitution."

while separation of powers is key to the workings of american government, no democratic system exists with an absolute separation of powers or an absolute lack of separation of powers. governmental powers and responsibilities intentionally overlap; they are too complex and interrelated to be neatly compartmentalized. as a result, there is an inherent measure of competition and conflict

minnesota:   minnesota house research,   separation of powers: when statutes and court rules conflict, 2005