“Several women came to this province of the Río de la Plata [in South America] along with its first governor Don Pedro de Mendoza, and it was my fortune to be one of them. On reaching the port of Buenos Aires, our expedition contained 1,500 men, but food was scarce, and the hunger was such that within three months 1,000 of them died. . . . The men became so weak that all of the tasks fell on the poor women, washing the clothes as well as nursing the men, preparing them the little food there was, keeping them clean, standing guard, patrolling the fires, loading the crossbows when the Indians came sometimes to do battle, [and] even firing the cannon. . . . Your highness will readily believe that our contributions were such that if it had not been for us, all would have perished. . . . “I wanted to write this and bring it to your highness’s attention to let you know how grateful I have been treated . . . because recently most of [the land] was distributed among the Spaniards here, . . . and I was left out without being given the service of a single Indian. . . . So I beg you to order that my encomienda be granted to me in perpetuity.” Isabel de Guevara, wife of a Spanish conquistador, petition to the Spanish monarch, 1556

Using the excerpt, answer (a) and (b). Briefly describe ONE claim made in the excerpt. Briefly describe ONE historical development illustrated by the excerpt.

7. which was not an important advance made by the maya:

-deviced and accurate map of the world.

8. what was justinian code:

-a single, consistent set of laws for the byzantine empire.

9. which describes what theodora achieved as justinian´s most trusted adviser:

-getting laws passed to give married women more rights and to protect divorced women.

10. what caused the christian church to divide into two branches- the eastern orthodox church and the catholic church:                                             -differences in language, liturgy, and views on religious icons.

11. what was a result of the work done by the monks cyril and methodius:       - orthodox christianity spread to slavic cultures.

12. which is true about byzantine culture:

-it was a blend of greco-roman and persian culture.

13. which was not a major accomplishment of byzantine culture:

-the reconstruction of moscow

14. which group invaded the slavic homeland beginning in the ninth century:

-varangians

15. what did vladimir, prince of kiev, do in 988 to unify his people:       - he converted to orthodox christianity

16. what is the name of the book in which muhammad ´s words and teaching were collected:

-quran

17. what is the hajj:

-the pilgrimage to mecca that all muslims must undertake if possible

18. which accurately describes islamic belief:

-muhammad is god´s only prophet.

19. what happened to islam after the death of muhammad:

-it was practiced by only few people in small parts of the world

20. which region shows the extent of islamic territory 100 years after muhhamed´s death:

-egypt, mesopotamia, persia.(b)

21. which led to the division between sunni and shia following the death of muhammed:

-conflict over who should be the caliph

22. the muslims achieved many spectacular advances, which was not one of them:

-they created the justinian´s code.

the tariff was created to protect industry in the northern part of the united states. industries in the north were being driven out of business by imported goods that were priced at a low rate. the goal was to protect these industries   by taxing the goods.

a

explanation: