The state of California is concerned about a proposed EPA rule change that would lower federal standards for water quality. This rule would supersede California’s more stringent regulations and prevent the state from enforcing its higher water-quality standards. Which of the following actions could the state take to stop the implementation of this rule?

The state could lobby Congress to impeach civil servants who attempt to implement the new rule.
The state could nullify the new federal rule in California and continue to apply its own higher standard.
The state could threaten to hinder the president’s reelection campaign if the rule is not rescinded.
The state could file a lawsuit in federal court to overturn the new rule because it violates the state’s constitutional powers.