What types of coerced labor systems did the Spanish employ in the Americas

The used encomienda, and slavery.

Explanation:

Encomienda was used to extract force labor from Native Americans. Because the Catholic Church prohibited the enslavement of Natives, they were nominally not slaves under this system. However, they enjoyed very little freedom, having to dedicate a large percentage of their working hours to produce the tributes that they had to pay to their Spanish overlords.

Slavery was used against Black people, who could be enslaved according to the Catholic Church. The system was very similar to slavery in the United States for example: black people were taken from Africa, and became slaves for life, including their offspring. They had no freedoms, could be bought and sold, and were subject to harsh treatment and short life spans.

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explanation:

the government paid religious orders to provide basic education to native american children on reservations. in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the bureau of indian affairs (bia) founded additional boarding schools based on the assimilation model of the off-reservation carlisle indian industrial school.