This refers to the most powerful european navy in the 16th century, until its defeat in 1588 at the hands of the british.

The Spanish navy.

Explanation:

It was the most powerful navy in the world during the 16th and parts of the 17th Century. Besides being a powerful military force it was responsible for major historical events like the discovery of America and the first circumnavigation around the world.

One of its major defeats was in 1588 in the context of the Anglo-Spanish Wars when the Spanish navy attempted to invade England.

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c.) biotic: snails; abiotic: temperature climate