The idea of the separation of church and politics was not a key principle for Muslims. Their religious leaders were (and often still are) their political leaders as well. This dates all the
way back to the founding of the faith under Muhammad, who was both the spiritual and
political leader of the Muslims. When he died in 632, the next leader was called a caliph,
which means successor or representative. Caliphs were both the head of government and
the head of the Islamic faith. One of the most famous caliphs was Harun al-Rashid (763-
809). Rashid's reign was characterized by a great artistic and intellectual growth. Some say
he is the hero in many of the stories in The Thousand and One Nights, a collection of
Middle Eastern and Indian stories.
Which of these best describes the Muslim view of the relationship between religion and
politics?
A
Politicians should not be involved in religion.
B
Religious leaders should not be involved in politics.
C
Religion and politics do not need to be separated.
D
None of the above.