Uno de los pueblos que recibió libertad durante el reinado del Rey Ciro Persia fue el pueblo Judio."

polisit can also mean a body of citizens. in modern historiography, polis is normally used to indicate the ancient greek city-states, like classical athens and its contemporaries, and thus is often translated as "city-state". the body of citizens came to be the most important meaning of the term polis in ancient greece.

they became hereditary because there weren't many jobs for people in lower classes

i think it is the first one hope this