Which statement best describes an attitude shared by John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J. P. Morgan?

The available options are:

(1) Economic competition is inefficient and wasteful.

(2) Strong labor unions are essential to the health of the economy.

(3) Natural resources belong to all citizens and should not be used for private gain.

(4) Concentrating economic power in the hands of a few individuals is a threat to the country.

Economic competition is inefficient and wasteful

Explanation:

The statement best describes an attitude shared by John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J. P. Morgan is "Economic competition is inefficient and wasteful."

This is evident in the fact that all these three aforementioned wealthy Americans were popularly known for their tendency to develop any form of monopoly in their various business industry.

To them, the existence of economic competition leads to inefficiency. Hence, they always prefer to eliminate the competition, before committing massive investments for the needed growth and development, instead of outwitting the competitors.

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the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.