How did Black Exclusion Laws impact the African American community in Oregon?

Why might congress have had difficulty paying the war debt after the american revolution

What does the quote describe? “the closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us….the shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered the whole a scene of horror almost inconceivable.”

What is considered the highest from of artistic expression in the islamic culture