What was the average life expectancy for women in medieval europe

Which of the following was not a method used to keep african americans from voting after the civil war? a. white primaries b. literacy tests c. group imprisonment d. gerrymandering

What is walt whitman's poem "when i heard the learn'd astronomer about?

What triumphs did the late 19th century witness in the realms of industrial growth, urbanization, and technological innovation? what challenges did these developments pose for urban dwellers, workers, and recent immigrants? how did city officials and everyday citizens respond to these challenges?