READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT THEN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS: The real name of Augustus Caesar was Gaius Octavian Thurinus. When Augustus was born in 63 BC, Rome was still a Republic. His father was the governor of Macedonia, and his mother was Julius Caesar’s niece. When his father died, Octavian was raised by his grandmother, Julius Caesar’s sister. As a young man, Octavian began to engage in Roman politics and eventually joined his uncle Julius Caesar in battle. Julius was impressed with Octavian, and as he had no children of his own, Julius proclaimed Octavian to be his heir. After Julius was assassinated, the Roman Senate and the military both supported Octavian. He became very powerful in the city and was elected as consul, the highest-ranking position in the Roman Republic. Meanwhile, Marc Antony wished to replace Julius as dictator. He and Octavian struggled until they arrived at a truce. Along with another powerful Roman named Lepidus, they ruled together for a time in what is known as the Second Triumvirate. But the three men soon began to wield their armies against one another in a fight over power. Lepidus was defeated first. Then, at the Battle of Actium, Octavian's troops defeated the armies of Antony and his ally, the Egyptian queen Cleopatra. Antony and Cleopatra committed sui cide, leaving Octavian the most powerful man in Rome. The Senate gave him the title of Augustus in 27 BC. Though the Senate and other officials from the Republic still existed, as Emperor, Augustus had supreme power; however, he referred to himself only as "First Citizen.” Many years of civil war followed, but Augustus eventually ushered in a peace, called the Pax Romana, that would last for 200 years. He built roads, buildings, bridges, and government buildings. He made Rome’s armies stronger and conquered many countries around the Mediterranean Sea. Augustus died, still in power, in 14 AD and was succeeded by his step-son, Tiberius.