How do negative political ads typically influence an election? a. They educate undecided citizens about the candidates.
b. They cause many candidates to withhold their policy positions.
c. They inspire more citizens to get out and vote for the ad's creator.
d. They lead to a decrease in voter participation

a. They educate undecided citizens about the candidates.

Explanation: Undecided citizens who plan to vote in upcoming elections tend to be swayed to dislike certain candidates by negative political attack ads. This is due to their lack of stance/knowledge on the candidate, thus making it easier to manipulate their perception.

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they chose sides following the death of the islamic prophet muhammad in ad 632. a dispute over succession to islamic prophet muhammad as a caliph of the islamic community spread across various parts of the world, which led to the battle of jamal and battle of siffin.

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