“ In any nonviolent action there are four basic steps: collection of facts to find injustices, negotiation, self-purification and direct action.” ( what is the author’s purpose and effect on the audience?)

The muslims ruler the mandated and cultural toleration was osman

They made a checks and balance system to equal power within the branches. the "check" meant that one branch would watch one branch and "balance" them if they were too powerful. if you want more info on this, i would just google checks and balance system.