At the beginning of the 21st century, u. s. immigration policy did which of the following?

made it more difficult for unskilled workers to obtain u. s. citizenship

granted amnesty to illegal immigrants who had paid u. s. income taxes

placed restrictive quotas on immigration from middle eastern countries

gave preference to immigrants with family already living in the united states

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

it refers to race, i am pretty sure this was a popular term in nazi germany or something.