was the north, south, or west afraid that it's labor force would be reduced if the federal government offered western lands at low cost

North.

Explanation:

During this time, the North had focused on industrialization and had many factories. This was very different from the South and even the West, as they were still focused on agricultural advances. The North did not have a good enough climate and soil for agriculture, but with the creation of cities and the abundance of people, industrialization wasn't much of a problem.

If the federal government had offered Western lands at a low cost, some of the labor force working in the factories in the North may take them up on that offer. Many people did want to have a quiet, simple, farming life and with the low cost of land out West, many people wanted to take the offer. The North wasn't happy about this, as they needed workers to earn income.

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it was the first amendment