what significant idea emerged following the independence movements in the americas and western europe

the answers is b.   environments.

the answer for 3 is b and the answer for 4 is d

answer: ensure protection from communism

explanation:

the north atlantic treaty was largely dormant until the korean war initiated the establishment of nato to implement it, by means of an integrated military structure: this included the formation of supreme headquarters allied powers europe in 1951, which adopted the western union's military structures and plans.