What role did Mary Somerville play in Lovelace's life? I just need help with this question

What do historians call the political,social,or cultural circumstances surrounding an event?

The political cartoon below was drawn by thomas nast in 1871: a political cartoon shows a heavy set man with a long nose and a beard in a suit and vest. he is smoking a cigar and has a menacing expression. he leans against a large box that says, in counting there is strength. on top of that box is a smaller container labeled, the ballot. dialogue under the cartoon reads, thats whats the matter. boss tweed, as long as i count the votes, what are you going to do about it? say? public domain what issue does this cartoon address?

When top-roping is used, how long should the rope be in order to protect the climber throughout the climb?