How were the Europeans able to expand their influence or grasp so so many parts of the world

Answer is in the photo. I couldn't attach it here, but uploaded it to a file hosting. link below! Good Luck!

cutt.ly/wzUiVyK

2018 means 2018 ce or common era

there have been other eras too including bce, which included way more years.

islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. however, in the modern contexts of muslims minorities in non-muslim countries as well as secularised muslim states like turkey, indonesia and bangladesh, religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal shapes.

compared to religious leaders/clerics of the other abrahamic faiths, islamic clergy are said to resemble rabbis and not priests. unlike catholic priests they do not "serve as intermediaries between mankind and god",[1] have "process of ordination",[2] or "sacramental functions",[1] but instead serve as "exemplars, teachers, judges, and community leaders," providing religious rules to the pious on "even the most minor and private" matters.[1]