The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the constitution were undermined by all of the following except a) jim crow laws. b) literacy tests. c) plessy v. ferguson. d) brown v. board of education.

D)Brown v. Board of Education.

Explanation:

Brown v. Board of Education (1954) struck down the "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson. Segregation of white and black children in the public schools of a State solely on the basis of race, denies to black children the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.

answer; philip morin freneau