During the 1960s, a federal civil rights act became necessary because

it was the only way to end Jim Crow laws.

Explanation:

During the 1960s, a federal civil rights act became necessary because "it was the only way to end Jim Crow laws."

This is evident in the fact that Jim Crow laws were one of the Southern United States' means of subjugating and disenfranchise the colored people. It started around the 1870s and lasted till 1965 following a series of federal civil rights movements and acts.

byzantine empire is the answer i think you are looking for.

hope this : )

when studying cause and effect, historians usually group the causes into different categories. for example, cultural causes reflect how a society’s literature and art convey the way the society saw itself in relation to the rest of the world. another resource that historians use to understand society is pop culture, which tells them the trends and ideas that are preferred by the common people. when studying cause and effect, it’s important to remember multiple causation, or the idea that an effect could have several causes and vice versa.  

the correct option is “cultural causes” since art and literature are related to the culture of a place. culture is determined by literature, art, music.

the correct option is “pop culture” since it reflects the likes and ideas of common people whereas the rest of the options do not focus on common people.  

the correct option is “multiple causation” since it refers to the idea that events are caused by multiple reasons, not just a single one.