What political belief created a system of government that balanced power between the central government and individual states while joining the states together as a single nation?

Federalism

Explanation:

The political belief that created a system of government that balanced power between the central government and individual states while joining the states together as a single nation is known as FEDERALISM.

Federalism is a type of government that combined central government otherwise known as the federal government with individual states otherwise known as the regional government to in one political system of government.

the answer to number 5 is fort sumter

freedom of speech is also protected by the 1 amendment.

explanation:

here is pretty much what the 1st amendment says:

congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.