2) Contextualization: What historical events is Roosevelt referencing when he mentions: a) Cuba?
b) Panama?
c) "The open door in China"?

A Cuba I think so

So try try but don't cry

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

the roman army grew in size and became dominant in the mediterranean region.