What were items that Ghana, Mali, and Songhai used to trade

it was a great cosmopolitan market place where kola nuts, gold, ivory, slaves, spices, palm oil and precious woods were traded in exchange for salt, cloth, arms, horses and copper. Islam had been introduced to the royal court of Songhai in 1019, but most people remained faithful to their traditional religion.

Explanation:

An example is gold and salt. Other ones that were traded commonly were:

ivory, kola nuts, cloth, slaves, metal goods, and beads.

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in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".