How did Reconstruction fail African Americans?
How were things much like they had always been?

“the battle of stalingrad is not a turning point necessarily in strategic terms, because a lot more has to be done before the soviets can be certain of defeating germany,” says renowned world war ii historian richard overy. the germans had fought nearly a thousand miles across the soviet union to get to stalingrad.

it would be  

germany had to pay all damages related to the war.

and i think

germany had to take sole responsibility for the war.

b. parliament was weaker than the monarchy.

i think the answer is a and i hope this ; ))