What effects did slavery and slave trade have on Africans?

It has been argued that a decrease in able-bodied people as a result of the Atlantic slave trade limited many societies ability to cultivate land and develop. Many scholars argue that the transatlantic slave trade, left Africa underdeveloped, demographically unbalanced, and vulnerable to future European colonization.

the cost of college has risen faster than inflation for many years.

the high price of student services and administration are two reasons for the rapid increase in cost.

i believe it was spain