1) What is the “Columbian Exchange?” What kinds of plants and animals were involved? How did European diseases affect North and South America? How did
American disease affect the rest of the world? What does historian Alfred W. Crosby
mean by the phrase, “global biological homogeneity?”

-The Columbian Exchange refers to the exchange of diseases, ideas, food. crops, and populations between the New World and the Old World following the voyage to the Americas by Christo pher Columbus in 1492.

-The Columbian Exchange brought horses, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and a collection of other useful species to the Americas. Corn (maize), potatoes, cassava, and sweet potatoes were also involved.

-When the Europeans arrived, carrying germs which thrived in dense, semi-urban populations, the indigenous people of the Americas were effectively doomed. They had never experienced smallpox, measles or flu before, and the viruses tore through the continent, killing an estimated 90% of Native Americans.

-Coined by Alfred Crosby, means the transfer of ideas, animals and plants to a new place to make it look more familiar. Plants and animals brought by the Europeans changed the biological world in America forever

Explanation:

the doctrine of nullification recommended that states living inside the union have the one-sided, inalienable ideal to void any law made by the national government that could be esteemed illegal.

the united states was shaped based on a general agreement among its individual states. hence, it is inferred that under the hypothesis of invalidation, since the states are the establishment of the union, they have the ability to referee and disprove unlawful laws.

citizens get the vast majority of their political and governmental information from the media, which includes television, print journalism, radio, and now the internet. the media play an important role in connecting people to government.