Does a x in a gradebook mean excused

Yes, It does, could also mean exempt

Hope this helps!

the buddha identified ways to end suffering and attain minerva, which is the ultimate goal of buddhism. for this purpose, he came up with the concept of the four noble truths, which were crucial to ending suffering. the last of these truths stressed following the eightfold path , which is a series of steps that allow you to live life in a proper manner. these steps would make sure that you would follow the or live life in moderation.

the eightfold path has 8 practices which are: