8.what concept held the feudal relationship together? a. fear b. loyalty c. economic debt?
10. windmills were introduced to western europe in the twelfth century and were brought over from 
11. a. china  b. egypt  c. constantinople  d. iran 
prior to the year 1000, european diets tended to lack a. vitamin c b. protein c. carbohydrates
12. in the thirteenth century, the italians claimed what western mediterranean port from muslim control? a. crete b. gibraltar c. cape verde islands
13. the most important navigational improvement to european shipping in the twelfth century was the adoption of the. a. laveen sail b. stern-post c. rudder
14. anti-jewish feelings and violence increased after what eleventh century event? a. first crusade b. founding of the cistercian c. norman invasion order of england
17. in the eleventh century, popular piety increased, related to an increase in the veneration of. a. martyrs b. virgin mary c. apostles