What actually triggered the counter reformation in 16the and early 17the century

The Counter-Reformation largely grew as a response to the Protestant Reformation and was a movement of reform within the Roman Catholic Church. The Counter-Reformation served to solidify doctrine that many Protestants were opposed to, such as the authority of the pope and the veneration of saints, and eliminated many of the abuses and problems that had initially inspired the Reformation, such as the sale of indulgences for the remission of sin.

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the steamboat is your answer.

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