The defense for Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka used the legal strategy that segregation a. psychologically benefitted white students b. provided African American children unequal access to quality books and desks

c. violated the laws of the southern states

d. was psychologically damaging to African American children, and thus unequal

I would say that the answer is d.

Explanation:

"The case went before the U.S. District Court in Kansas, which agreed that public school segregation had a “detrimental effect upon the colored children” and contributed to “a sense of inferiority,” but still upheld the “separate but equal” doctrine." provided by https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka

which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of russia?