In the 1970s, India began using high-yield crops and the fertilizers required to optimize yield. Today, yield is dropping as infrastructure and policy fail to maintain subsidies for seed or fertilizers. This is an example of A. how crops that were created through genetic modification experience gene weakening and diffusion over time.

B. the downside of the green revolution, wherein developing nations are dependent upon expensive solutions.

C. the downside of plantation agriculture in areas that are neither tropical nor subtropical.

D. population exceeding food supply as predicted by Malthus.

E. desertification and the loss of arable farmland due to lack of proper fertilization and irrigation.