Women helped in WWII by serving in the armed forces of most nations in support roles, and in some cases, even by fighting. Many other women worked in factories to build war supplies. The nickname given to a
character who represented such women in the U. S. was

Inequality and discrimination

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affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts