4.In reaction to the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the U. S. Constitution, many southern states passed Jim Crow laws. The purpose of these laws was to — a. protect voting rights

b. encourage integration

c. outlaw Black Codes

d. disenfranchise African American rights

answer: secession

secession, as it applies to the outbreak of the american civil war, comprises the series of events that began on december 20, 1860, and extended through june 8 of the next year when eleven states in the lower and upper south severed their ties with the union. the first seven seceding states of the lower south set up a provisional government at montgomery, alabama. after hostilities began at fort sumter in charleston harbor on april 12, 1861, the border states of virginia, arkansas, tennessee, and north carolina joined the new government, which then moved its capital to richmond, virginia. the union was thus divided approximately on geographic lines. twenty-one northern and border states retained the style and title of the united states, while the eleven slave states adopted the nomenclature of the confederate states of america.

explanation:

thurgood marshall

explanation: in 1954, thurgood marshall and a team of naacp attorneys won brown v. board of education of topeka, kansas. in this landmark decision, the supreme court held that segregation in public education violated the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment.

it was on the rise and doing very well and would continue to do well until the great depression from 1929-1939

your answer is c i hope that