Which of the following financial issues plagued the leaders of the new American republic?

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

it proved indian land claims were unjustified.

how did the pendleton civil service act weaken the spoils system after president garfield died?

the act forced federal employees to pass competitive exams.

the act said that federal employees could be fired for political reasons.

the act said that company contracts and kickbacks were illegal.

the act stopped the reform movement in its tracks.