Q Source 1: The following extracts are from slave trader John Newton's jou "Middle Passage' voyage across the Atlantic in 1754.
In the evening, by the favour of Providence, we discovered a conspiracy among the men slaves to rise upon us, but a few hours
before it was to have been executed. A young man, who has been the whole voyage out of irons, first on account of a large
ulcer
, and since for his seeming good behaviour, gave them a large marline spike [metal spike used on ships... They had it in
possession about an hour before I made search for it, in which time they made such good dispatch (being an instrument that
made no noise) that this morning I've found near
20 of them had broke their irons. Are at work securing them...
Got the slaves up this morn. Washed them all with fresh water. They complained so much that was obliged to let them go
down again when
the rooms were cleaned. Buryed a man slave (No 84) of a flux, which he has been struggling
with near 7
When we were putting the slaves down in the evening, one that was sick jumped overboard. Got him in again but he dyed
immediately between his weakness and the salt water he had swallowed, tho I imagine he would have lived but a little while
In the morning examined the men slaves and punished 6 of the principal, put 4 of them in collars.
weeks...
being quite worn out...

how were the captives restrained on board​