Until the Constitution was ratified, the document that established and defined the government of the United States was the

The Articles of Confederation

Explanation: The Articles of Confederation were established in 1777, one year after America gain independence. On September 17, 1787, 39 of the 55 delegates signed the Constitution.

d.summerains, the last one

explanation:

a trial judge has broad powers in his courtroom. the judge's decision is usually final for the duration of the trial, and the party's one special type of witness is an expert witness.