What were the strengths and weaknesses of the allies and the central powers in ww1?

 Advantages: 

All the Central Powers had a common border with at least one other Central Power,so they had internal lines of communication that were contiguously linked. 

Second largest and best trained and equipped army (Germany). 
Second largest navy (German). 
Most able Army High Command (Germany). 

All the rulers of the Central Powers were autocrats ruling with Absolute Power, so there was no internal political opposition or disagreement on how the war was being conducted. 

Disadvantages: 

Heavily outnumbered in everything by the Allies. 

All the Central Powers had to fight on more than one front. 

The Allies had global naval supremacy because of the British Royal Navy, which cut the Central Powers off from overseas imports of food and raw materials and their overseas colonies - bound to have a detrimental effect on their war effort in the long term. 

Germany was the only truly major power of the Central Powers; the others had been in decline for some years,and Germany basically had to 'carry' them throughout the war.