After conquering new territory, caliphates of the islamic empire often established mosques. this demonstrates their desire to:
a. establish temporary bases in new territories.
b. ban all non-muslim religious practices in their territories.
c. promote islamic scholarship in their territories.
d. fiercely defend newly conquered territories.

states

explanation:

as the old saying goes, all politics are local. state and federal governments affect our daily lives in numerous ways. yet, in our federal system, there is supposed to be a balance between federal and state power. as james madison envisioned it in federalist no. 51, “the power surrendered by the people” would be “divided between two distinct governments,” creating a balance of power that would enable the “different governments [to] control each other.”

ghana achieved independence peacefully, while algeria gained independence through an armed struggle.