Who led most of the italian renaissance city-states?

a.
doges

b.
artists and architects

c.
monarchs

d.
powerful merchant families

The best and most correct answer among the choices provided by the question is the second choice "artists and architects "
The Italian Renaissance (Italian: Rinascimento [rinaʃʃiˈmento]) was the earliest manifestation of the general European Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement that began in Italy during the 14th century and lasted until the 16th century, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Era

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