Causes and Effects of the
American Revolution
After
the French and Indian War, Britain needed money. As a result, the British government placed
taxes on the American colonists. The
British thought that the colonists should help pay for the war since it had
been fought partly to defend the colonies.
The
first tax was the Stamp Act. It said
that colonists had to buy tax stamps for printed materials. Many colonists refused to pay. They said they had not voted on the tax (No
taxation without representation).
Colonists under the leadership of Samuel Adams formed the Sons of
Liberty to protest the Stamp Act.
Since
the Stamp Act did not work, Britain replaced it with a tax on imported goods,
the Townshend Acts. So colonists refused
to buy imports. The Daughters of Liberty
formed to make tea and cloth.
The
colonial boycott was hurting British merchants; therefore, King George III
ordered British soldiers and warships to the colonies. Tensions rose to and explosive level in
Boston between the colonists and the British soldiers on March 5, 1770. Shots were fired and in the end five people
laid dead. This event became known as
the Boston Massacre.
As
a result of colonists’ protests, Britain removed all taxes except the tax on
tea. The Tea Act said that the British
East India Company was the only company allowed to sale tea to the
colonists. Angry Boston colonists led by
Samuel Adams dressed as Mohawk Indians and threw a load of tea off a British
ship into Boston Harbor. This event
became known as the Boston Tea Party.
That action caused Britain to punish Boston further.
In
reaction to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed a series of laws known as
the Intolerable Acts to punish the people of Boston. The people of Boston were ordered to feed and
house British soldiers, Massachusetts was put under the control of Thomas Gage,
and the port of Boston was closed until the people of Boston paid for the tea
they destroyed. The Intolerable Acts had
two effects: closing of the port hurt businesses that depended on trade and
many people were out of work, but it also had a positive effect, it forced
colonists to take sides. Those that
supported the people of Boston became known as Patriots. Those that wanted to stay loyal to King
George III and Britain became known as Loyalists.
In
response to the Intolerable Acts, Americans representing 12 colonies (Georgia
did not attend) met in Philadelphia for the First Continental Congress. They voted to stop trading with Britain until
the Intolerable Acts were repealed, and to start training colonists to fight.
In
March 1775 Patrick Henry made the most famous speech of his career. Henry warned Virginia’s militias to prepare
for war with Britain. "I know not
what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me
death!" were the last words spoken at the meeting by Patrick Henry. War was inevitable.
