What was a result of the crusades?

1) european conquest of the middle east
2) fall of the byzantine empire
3) growth of trade with the middle east
4) rise of charlemagne's empire

The best answer is c
When the crusades ended (1291AD) the results were essentially the same as when they stated Islam was still in control of the Middle East and the Europeans had almost finished the reconquest of Spain. During the crusades the Europeans experience many of the elements of Eastern society some of which they liked very much. They brought fashion styles and new foods back home to Europe that people wanted. This included a lot of new fruits and most importantly spices like peppers, that could be used to literally spice up and improve very plain tasting European food Clothing styles and fabrics incorporating silk and cottons became very popular and were an improvement of wool and linen. Horses were also a good import. The Crusades also exposed Europe to ancient earning that had been lost in Europe This included such things as Algebra, Arabic numbers and various theories. Chess was also brought back from the east A number of cities like Venice and Genoa in Italy became very rich and powerful by developing trade links to the east The silk and spice trade, involving spices, incense, herbs, drugs and opium, made these Mediterranean city-states phenomenally rich. Spices were among the most expensive and in-demand products of the Middle Ages, used in medicine .