Citizens of the united states include all of the following persons, except: a. those who have been naturalized. c. those who were 18 years or younger when their parents were naturalized. b. those with resident alien status. d. those who were born in the united states.

Those with resident alien status

Explanation:

If a person has a alien status that means they're living in another country legally but a citizen.

Example: A person could be a citizen of Spain, but if they were living in the U.S. and had their green card they are considered a resident with alien status.

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the answers is b.   environments.

it would be that mali has the worst literacy rate than the others