What group in ottoman society contained the merchants?

After the civil war which president was called a "carpetbagger"?

What was the underlying cause of the cold war?

Using only this chart, which step would you take first to compare the standard of living in these countries? add the gdp numbers for the countries to get a total. divide each gdp number by its country's population. subtract each population number from its country's gdp. multiply the population number by the gdp for each country.