Differing interpretations of the bible by christians in europe eventually led to
the reformation.
the hundred years’ war.
the black plague.
the italian wars.

The answer is: the Reformation.

The Reformation, which began in the 16th century, resulted in the birth of different Protestant and other forms of Christian ideologies, and it was the product of many historical events, but perhaps the most relevant ones were the different theological interpretations of the bible revolving around the notions of salvation, sin, predestination, iconography, and even the role of the Papacy.  

the right choice would be a. culture within the city-state. c. loyalty to the police. d separation by land and sea.

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